Lichen, any of about 15,000 species of thallophytic plantlike organisms that consist of a symbiotic association of algae (usually green) or cyanobacteria and fungi (mostly ascomycetes and basidiomycetes).

Modern wool and fabric dyers often emphasize conservation as they collect lichens.

The fungus is called a …

It is estimated that 6% of Earth's land surface is covered by lichens.In American English, "lichen" is pronounced the same as the verb "liken" (Common groupings of lichen thallus growth forms are:

There are variations in growth types in a single lichen species, grey areas between the growth type descriptions, and overlapping between growth types, so some authors might describe lichens using different growth type descriptions. Lichens are made up of two or more closely interacting organisms, a fungus, and one or more partners, called photobionts.



Although some lichens are only eaten in times of famine, others are a staple food or even a delicacy.






Foliose lichens on rock growing outward and dying in the center.









Gelatinous lichens may appear leafy when dry.Structures involved in reproduction often appear as discs, bumps, or squiggly lines on the surface of the thallus.Different colored lichens may inhabit different adjacent sections of a rock face, depending on the angle of exposure to light.The underside of the leaf-like lobes of foliose lichens is a different color from the top side (The sheen on some jelly-like gelatinous lichens is created by A lichen consists of a simple photosynthesizing organism, usually a The part of a lichen that is not involved in reproduction, the "body" or "vegetative tissue" of a lichen, is called the Fruticose, foliose, crustose, and squamulose lichens generally have up to three different types of tissue, The layer beneath the symbiont layer called is called the In crustose areolate lichens, the edges of the areolas peel up from the substrate and appear leafy.





Lichens are found worldwide and occur in a variety of environmental conditions. The fungal, algal, or cyanobacterial component of a lichen can be grown by itself in culture.



Britannica Premium: Serving the evolving needs of knowledge seekers. In squamulose lichens the part of the lichen thallus that is not attached to the substrate may also appear leafy.





Foliose lichens may sometimes branch and appear to be fruticose.

The outcome of the "Pd test" is called "Pd", which is also used as an abbreviation for the chemical used in the test, The oldest fossil lichen in which both symbiotic partners have been recovered is Lichens cover about 7% of the planet's surface and grow on and in a wide range of substrates and habitats, including some of the most extreme conditions on earth.When growing on mineral surfaces, some lichens slowly decompose their substrate by chemically degrading and physically disrupting the minerals, contributing to the process of

A lichen is an association between one or two fungus species and an alga or cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) that results in a form distinct from the symbionts.



Lichen is a plant made from the combination of an alga and a fungus.

A prominent example is the alga The same cyanobiont species can occur in association with different fungal species as lichen partners.Depending on context, "lichenized fungus" may refer to the entire lichen, or to the fungus when it is in the lichen, which can be grown in culture in isolation from the algae or cyanobacteria.

The loss makes the fungi completely dependent on their symbionts.It appears many, probably the majority, of lichen also live in a symbiotic relationship with an order of basidiomycete yeasts called Cyphobasidiales.



A lichen consists of a simple photosynthesizing organism, usually a green alga or cyanobacterium, surrounded by filaments of a fungus.







…rock surfaces themselves may support lichens, some of the orange and vermilion species adding colour to the landscape.





Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article.Lichens were once classified as single organisms—until the advent of microscopy, when the association of fungi with algae or cyanobacteria became evident. Dissertation Leiden University.
But these leafy parts lack a lower cortex, which distinguishes crustose and squamulose lichens from foliose lichens.In August 2016, it was reported that macrolichens have more than one species of fungus in their tissues.A lichen is a composite organism that emerges from In three different lineages the fungal partner has independently lost the mitochondrial gene atp9, which has key functions in mitochondrial energy production.







This entire image covers a square that is approximately 1.7 millimeters on a side.





Fruticose lichens may have flattened branching parts and appear leafy.

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